The world of Islam founded its way to India in the 17th century where in significant and fundamental changes took place within the country which came through the Muslim Mughal Empire. The Mughal Empire was founded in 1500 by descanted of Timur and Genghis Khan.
The Mughal Empire was of Turkic Mongol origin and arose initially from Central Asia although Babur Mughal Dynasty’s founder only ruled as emperor for 4 years in India from 1526 till 1530. He was a prominent military genius who has mastered the art of leadership and undeniably launched the empire.
Babur's first conquest in India began and the Delhi Sultanate controlled region of Punjab Ibrahim of Lodi dynasty was the current Sultan of that time and manage to stave off enough about his repeated attempt to overcome his authority until the spring of 1526 at the first battle of Panipat.
The forces of the determined two murdered Conqueror numbering no more than 15000 with limited Field Artillery met for a final decisive battle with tens of thousands and 100 elephants strong Delhi army.
While Babur and his men were vastly outnumbered, they were skilled and seasoned group and had received artillery aid from the Turks of Ottoman Empire on the other hand troops of Sultan Ibrahim utilized outdated and fundamentally inferior strategies by getting their ultimate defeat demist of the Sultan himself.
Wasting no time Babur swiftly sees Delhi only 3 days after his victory and Panipat. Stated himself styling as the Emperor of India backed by his eldest son Humayun. The next emperor who captured Agar as the genesis of the Mughal Empire began to rapidly sift to consolidation.
This off course was absurdly far from easy as Babur and his men were all but surrounded by his adversaries still under sized hundreds of miles from their base at Kabul and tormented by poor weather conditions.
The Mughal solider were ready to head back home steadfast. On the other hand, Babur chose to continue his takeover reinvigorating his men through a combination of the threats and promises.
The following year he overwhelmed the Rajput confederacy under Rana Sanga of Mewar who lead a powerful Rajput confederacy on March 16 1527 Babur applied the previous strategies which was a key victory again.
After that Babur shifted focus to the Afghans Chiefs who had captured the city of Lucknow during his conflict with Rana Sanga seizing the fortress of Chandaria.
Along the way the Mughal empire able to out the Capture of Lucknow before taking on Mahmoud Lodi a brother of the of the late Ibrahim who had gained Afghan support at the Battle.
Once again they won this battle with his army but this time vanquishing the forces of both the eastern Afghanistan and the Sultanate of Bengal in the late spring of 1529.
Consequently, annexing Bihar which has been occupied by Mahmoud Lodi the Mughal Empire was spread in most of the northern parts of India in few years which was followed by the death of Babur’s in 1530.
After which the Humayun faced some temporary complications in 1540, when he was deposed by the Afghan ruler. After the death of Humayun in 1555. Now Mughal Empire was in the hands of his son who was 13 years old Akbar from 1156 to 1605.
Akbar prompted a variety of changes in the new Emperor. Akbar also enforced policies of religious tolerance which remained intact throughout the reign of the next two Emperors during this time.
The first under the rule of emperor Jahangir and then led by Saud Jahan liberal policies in favor of non-Muslims within the region were only a portion of the significant furtherance of the Mughal Empire continued to grow more towards the south.
The architectural impact of the empire began to grow through Persian style influence gardens and extravagant structure such as Red Fort.
Only after 1605 there was a notable complication during the Mughal Empire till 1658 was that the relationship between Sikhs and Muslims suffered though it maintained its precious stand.
Now Aurangzeb took the stand the thrones in 1658 and launched a disastrously bigoted movement against all those of non-Muslim faith and taxes on non-Muslim subjects. Aurangzeb Regardless the Mughal Empire area of hegemony reached its peak under the reign of Aurangzeb.
The overall power and constitution of the Muslim dynasty began to collapse around the time of his death in 1707. Bahadur Shah took over the collapsing Empire.
The first ruled only for 5 years having already been in his when he descended to the throne the period of 1707 through 1712 was marked by continuous religious intolerance furthering instability.
Forming within the Empire including multiple rebellions that needed to be subdued the fractious environment under the Mughal authority persisted the reaching the novel peak during the rule of the 12 Emperor Muhammad Shah between 1719 to 1748.
Nadir shah of Iran straighten a stunning sack of Delhi after his victory against Muhammad Shah. On the other hand, the empire was already been bombarded continuously by revolts in strife against rivals such as the Marathas the damaging acts of Muhammad Shah.
It seemed to accelerate the irreversible fall of the once remarkable potent dynasty after Muhammad Shah as death it wasn’t long before the merits has gained almost total dominion over northern India. The Mughal Empire was now lowered to a small territory near Delhi.
Although even that trivial dominion was taken under the command of the Marathas in 1785 that remains the case until third anglo Maratha war in 1818 shifting power into the hands of the British East India Company which in turn became the protectors of the Mughal Empire.
However with the Indian rebellion of 1857 against the British Bahadur Shah the second last Mughal Emperor sealed the fate of both himself and the dynasty as a whole after his involvement with the As a result Bahadur shah saw the exiled to ran Burma along with his wife and other members of his family.
Falling in died in November of 1862 at the age of 87 with him the Mughal Empire was vanquished.
Written by: Rakhi Sharma
Edited by: Gourav Chowdhury
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