Mineral Belts Of India
A mineral is an aggregate of two or more than two elements.
A mineral formed by inorganic processes has a definite chemical composition and atomic structure.
Minerals generally occur in the earth’s crust in the form of ore.
Minerals generally occur in the earth’s crust in the form of ore.
It is extracted, processed and utilised for the economist benefit of the society end for the country.
The availability and the consumption of minerals refer to as an important indicator to access the level of economy growth of a country.
India is extremely rich in mineral resources but the distribution of the minerals in India is highly uneven.
India is extremely rich in mineral resources but the distribution of the minerals in India is highly uneven.
The distribution of minerals in India
The minerals may be classified under the following three categories:
1. Mineral Fuels - This group includes energy resources like coal, mineral oil, natural gas and atomic minerals.
The minerals may be classified under the following three categories:
1. Mineral Fuels - This group includes energy resources like coal, mineral oil, natural gas and atomic minerals.
2. Metallic Minerals - Metallic Minerals constitute the second most important group of minerals after fossil fuels.
These minerals provide a strong base for the development of metallurgical industry, and thereby help the process of industrialization and Urbanisation.
India has a substantial reserve of these Minerals.
Iron ore is the most important metallic mineral which helps in the development of the economy growth of a country.
It is not found in pure form in the earth’s crust rather it is found in mixed forms with magnesium, sulphur and copper.
3. Non-metallic Minerals- Non-metallic minerals are- sand, gravel, limestone, clay, and marble.
3. Non-metallic Minerals- Non-metallic minerals are- sand, gravel, limestone, clay, and marble.
They lack metallic characteristics like good electric and thermic conductivity, luster, rigor, and malleability but are essential for many industries.
Distribution of Minerals Belts in India
The mineral wealth of India is largely confined to the metamorphic rocks and igneous rocks of peninsular India.
The states which are rich in metallic and non-metallic minerals are Jharkhand, Odisha, Bihar, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Uttarakhand, Tripura and Assam.
The states of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and gangetic West Bengal are however said to be poor in mineral resources.
Mineral Belts of IndiaDistribution of Minerals Belts in India
The mineral wealth of India is largely confined to the metamorphic rocks and igneous rocks of peninsular India.
The states which are rich in metallic and non-metallic minerals are Jharkhand, Odisha, Bihar, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Uttarakhand, Tripura and Assam.
The states of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and gangetic West Bengal are however said to be poor in mineral resources.
1. The Chotanagpur Belt
This belt stretches over Jharkhand, chattisgarh, Odisha, Bihar and West Bengal.
The region is rich in Coal, mica, maganese, chromite, ilmenite, bauxite, iron, uranium, phosphate, copper, dolomite, china clay and limestone.
The important Mineral producing district are Dhanbad, Hazaribagh,Palamu, Ranchi, Santhal-Paragana and Singhbum.
This region is rich in 100% of kyanite reserves, 93% of iron ore and 70% of chromite of the country.
2. The Midland Belt
This belt sprawls over the state of Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra.
This belt is rich in manganese ore, baucite, mica, copper, graphite, limestone, lignite, marble and limestone.
3. The Southern Belt
It stretches over the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu.
This belt has an enormous amount of gold, iron ore, chromite, manganese, lignite, mica, bauxite, gypsum, asbestos, dolomite, ilmenite, china clay, and limestone.
4. The Western Belt
The belt stretches over the states of Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra.
The belt stretches over the states of Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra.
The Belt has excess of non-ferrous metals like copper, lead, zinc, uranium, mica, manganese, salt, asbestos, building stonnes, precious stonnes, mineral oil and natural gas.
5. The South-Western Belt
This belt sprawls over Goa, Karnataka and Kerala. It consist of the deposits of Iron ore, Ilmenite, Zircon, Monazite Sands, Garnet, China clay, Bauxite, mica, limestone and soapstone.
6. The Himalayan Belt
In general, the Himalayan belt is poor in metallic minerals.
In general, the Himalayan belt is poor in metallic minerals.
There are however valuable pockets of minerals like copper, lead, Zinc, bismut, antimony, nickel, cobalt, tungsten, precious stones ,gold, silver, gypsum,limestone and dolomite in the Himalayas.
7. The Indian Ocean
The continental shelf of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal are good in mineral oil and natural gas.
The continental shelf of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal are good in mineral oil and natural gas.
The seabed also contain high grade nodules of manganese, phosphate, barium, aluminium, silicon, iron, titanium, sodium, potassium, chromium, monazite, ilmenite, magnetite end garnet.
The best of nodules are found at a depth of 4000 metre.
Written By: Hamna Khan
Written By: Hamna Khan
Edited By: Komal Jha
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