It has been 17 years since the US invasion of Iraq when the United States took control of the
country and brought down the Iraqi regime. This invasion is considered the main
turning point in the modern history of Iraq to this day.
Where the country collapsed and began to transform
from a relatively stable country to a country divided into sects, militias, and
armed groups, some of which are terrorist and some are declared by the
government in Iraq.
From that time until the Americans left the Iraqi
lands in 2011, Iraq has become a local and international battleground, and the
players differ according to the prime minister who leads the country's policy,
and these policies are according to his orientations and the orientations of
his party or sect.
Ministers After the Fall
Several ministers succeeded in the first year of the
American control of Iraq and under the name of the Iraqi Governing Council,
with American help in establishing this council, and after the establishment of
the Republic of Iraq.
Iyad Allawi took over, and then Ibrahim al-Jaafari,
each of them assumed power for one year, which was full of blood and killing in
the country.
Nuri al-Maliki, who is close to Iran and belonging to
the Shiite community, assumed the position. Al-Maliki was able to restore some
safety to the country. At the beginning of his assumption of the position, he
worked on the war on militias and terrorist groups that were targeting
civilians in previous years.
But because of its closeness to Iran, Iran was able to
almost completely control the entire Iraqi state during the reign of al-Maliki,
which prompted the Americans to stop support for Iraq due to the prime
minister's stances, as a parliamentary committee accused him of being behind
the fall of Nineveh province to the grip of the Islamic state.
Haider al-Abadi, the man who managed to end the
presence of terrorism in Iraq and the Islamic State fighters were expelled from
Iraqi lands during his rule.
Al-Abadi was able to obtain relatively American
support and carry out some other reforms in the country, but like his
predecessor, his proximity to Iran made his task difficult to carry out
reforms, as the militias affiliated with the Shiite sect prevented the reforms
undertaken by the government.
During his reign, the most powerful militia in Iraq
appeared today, the Popular Mobilization Militia, affiliated with the Shiite
community, whose legitimacy was approved by the Iraqi parliament.
Adel Abdul-Mahdi fought demonstrators, as the Iraqis
call him. He took office for two years. A popular revolution erupted against
him because of citizens' dissatisfaction with his policies and the stagnation
that appeared on the Iraqi government during his rule.
This prompted citizen to take to the streets and
demand that he step down. Government forces dealt very violently with the
demonstrators, and after two months of the demonstrations, the weak minister
resigned
His rule witnessed the exchange of bombing between
Iran and the United States on Iraqi lands, and Abdul-Mahdi did not move to
address these violations of Iraqi sovereignty, as Iraqi officials indicated.
The militias were able to rise again and become
stronger during the era of Abdul Mahdi due to his personal weakness and the
absence of anyone to support him in the country.
Mustafa Al-Kazemi, the former head of intelligence in
the country, took office in light of the large spread of weapons among the
armed militias in the country, and from the beginning he pledged to disarm all
militias.
Al-Kazemi differs from his predecessors in that he
does not have a religious or sectarian background. He also has good relations
with the Iranians and the Americans, which the former failed to do, which
prompted both sides to support him in his difficult mission in running a deteriorating
country full of militias.
Al-Kazemi obtained additional support from Saudi
Arabia, where he has personal relations with Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman,
which is the strongest Saudi-Iraqi relationship that has been frozen since the
US invasion.
Iraqi Militias
Elimination of militias in Iraq is considered an
imperative in order to impose state control over the country and pave the way
for the government to work on and implement decisions that militias have always
been an obstacle to the government in decision-making and implementation of
decisions.
Iraq is filled with hundreds of militias that differ
in their leaders and orientations. Also, they differ in their ideas, some of
them work against the government, and some support the work of the government,
but informally.
Because of the increase in militias, every party or
ethnic or political group has an armed group based on its protection and
carrying out military operations for these groups.
Despite the issuance of a law recommending the
dissolution of the militias in the country since 2004, these militias have
increased dramatically due to the weakness of the Iraqi state and the country's
security services.
Because of this weakness, these militias have become
the decision-makers in some areas that the Iraqi state cannot impose its
control on, but these militias remain notorious for committing crimes against
citizens and for imposing their laws on the citizens.
Al-Kazemi and Hit the Militia
Militia violence has increased since the killing of
Major General Qassem Soleimani, the commander of the Quds Force and the second
statesman in Iran, the man who ran Iran's foreign operations, the man who
directs the most powerful militia in Iraq
Alongside Soleimani was Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, the man
who led the Popular Mobilization Militia, which the government recognized Iraqi
out as part of the Iraqi army.
After the killing of these two leaders, there has been
an increase in violence, assassinations, and the targeting of officials by the
militias, the most powerful and most powerful of which follow Iran in
directions and are led by men close to Khamenei.
Al-Kazemi hit all these militias, which angered them
even more and pushed them to wider operations in the country, especially in the
southern regions, especially the capital, Baghdad, which is full of security
headquarters, embassies, diplomatic missions and UN headquarters, which has
become vulnerable to Katyusha shells by the militias.
Al-Kazemi confronted these militias by controlling the
border crossings that these militias use for funding and obtaining weapons,
especially from Iran, which is one of the strongest supporters of the Iraqi
militias.
Al-Kazemi established the Anti-Corruption Council,
whose mission is to fight corruption and the corrupt in the country. Indeed,
this council has arrested some of the country's senior figures who have
protection by militias and who did not expect any of the Iraqis to be arrested.
The Initial Vision Ofal-Kazemi Era
Mr. Al-Kazemi relies on gradual reform in order to
change and improve Iraq, as Al-Kazemi worked to appoint competent people who
are far from the political and sectarian conflict in the country. He also chose
new people and relied on him himself.
Although did not wait for political parties to choose
senior officials according to their interests and orientations, but also chose
them by himself.
Al-Kazemi works with high efficiency in reform and
development in various fields in the country, the most prominent of which is
the deteriorating economy and the epidemic crisis that struck the world.
In light of the gradual return of life to the country
after the months of the embargo, the Al-Kazemi reform schedule suffered from a
crisis contrived by the militias as the militias bombed the Green Square
intensely which is considered the location of the international missions and
embassies.
In the last statement presented by these embassies and
missions, led by the American embassy, which
is considered the most prominent supporter of Al-Kazemi in his position, the
embassies indicated the possibility of leaving the capital Baghdad and heading
to Erbil, the capital of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, which Al-Kazemi and the
Iraqi leaders considered as a diplomatic disaster that will strike the country.
Written by- Abduljalil Hage
Edited by – Adrija Saha
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