The new decade of the current millennium is witnessing the world witnessing fluctuations, great challenges, crises, and disasters everywhere. Epidemics, wars, change of government, natural disasters, and crises that have been going on for years.
In addition to these disasters and crises, the new decade and the current year may be the result of nearly two decades of negotiations between Iran and the West that began since the new millennium and ended with an agreement known as 5 +1, which was the historic agreement between Iran and the West, from which former President Trump withdrew unilateral withdrawal.
Vienna Negotiations
The unilateral withdrawal by the United States from the nuclear agreement with Iran has brought everyone back to the starting point and to the complex negotiations as described by the Iranian Foreign Ministry. Iran is engaged in these negotiations with the major powers in the hope of reaching a new agreement with them regarding its nuclear program.
The negotiations consist of two teams, the first is Iran and the second is the major powers, Britain, France, Germany, China, Russia, among whom direct negotiations are taking place in Vienna, while the negotiations with the United States are taking place indirectly. Analysts say that Russia and China support Iran, while other countries in the negotiations are on the side of the United States.
The Vienna negotiations began about a year ago and stopped and then returned to resume and start a new round of negotiations on Iran. Observers say that the negotiations include the nuclear file as well as Iran's regional projects in the Middle East. Everyone hopes that these negotiations will end positively and reach an agreement to end this long struggle.
Iran and self-affirmation
Iran entered the negotiations and it is going through difficult and bad times due to the sanctions and embargo imposed on it by the United States, and it prevented the allies in the agreement from dealing with Iran. Whereas the allies Germany, France, Britain, were allies of the Americans who feared sanctions if they dealt with Iran.
At a time of pressure and the stifling blockade imposed on Iran, it was working to strengthen its nuclear program and expand further in the Middle East. With the help of the Russian bear and the Chinese dragon, Iran was able to overcome the difficulties thanks to these two rival countries to the United States.
China took advantage of Iran’s prohibition of exporting oil to obtain Iranian oil, and thus China obtained a greater amount of oil reserves, and Russia was providing economic and political support to Iran in exchange for concessions to it, especially in Syria, where Iran and Russia are competing to control the country.
Iran exploited the sanctions on oil exports to use oil to strengthen its nuclear program and strengthen its military arsenal and ballistic missiles, which gave Iran a stronger position in the negotiations and greater fear among the other parties for fear of Iran possessing nuclear bombs.
Other countries rushed to attract Iran to the negotiating table, and Iran is currently entering the negotiations, and it can be said that it is the strongest party with Russian and Chinese support.
Consultative Pause
The negotiating parties announced a consultative pause during which the negotiators would return to consult with their governments, as stated by the European Union foreign policy official and negotiating coordinator Josep Borrell, who said that the draft final agreement is ready, but the negotiations need a pause for consultation and due to external factors.
It is worth noting that the external factors that Borrell did not name came from a Russian condition that demands Washington not to link the sanctions imposed on Russia due to the Ukraine war with Russia and Iran's economic and military relations between the two countries.
Some sources indicated that the United States rejected the condition. For its part, the European countries, France, Britain, and Germany, said in a joint statement that the negotiations of the Iranian nuclear agreement should not be used to obtain guarantees outside the context of the negotiations.
On the Iranian side, the Iranian government and Foreign Ministry spokesman Khatib Zadeh said that Iran and the countries participating in the negotiations have not yet agreed, but there is a joint plan, noting that lifting sanctions and preventing the United States from withdrawing again "is still stuck."
Regarding the Russian condition, Khatib Zadeh said that the Russian position is close to theirs, that what Russia is asking for is clear and will be discussed, that the request is not outside the negotiations, and that Russia will not prevent the negotiations from reaching a new agreement in Vienna.
All parties to the negotiations are optimistic about reaching a new agreement in Vienna on the Iranian nuclear deal, but the European war between Russia and Ukraine brought some pessimism, especially after the Russian demand to separate the two issues and the suspension of negotiations, and the absence of an official date for returning to negotiations puts some question marks about the future negotiations.
Written by - Abduljalil Hage
Edited by - Akanksha Sharma
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