Arab spring which came and hold wind of change in the Arabic
states, this wind hit the most powerful leaders and the most influential states
in the Arabic region.
Libya, or the official
name Arab Republic of Libya, oras the late President Muammar Gaddafi and his
government called “The Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya” it is an
Arab Islamic state located in the northern part of the African continent.
Its administrative
capital is the city of Tripoli. It occupies a geographical area of 1,676,198 km
2. Most of this area is part of the Sahara. It is bordered on the east by
Egypt, and on the western side, bordered by Algeria and Tunisia. With regard to
its coastal borders, it is the northern border overlooking the Mediterranean
Sea.
King of the African
Kings
Colonel Muammar
Gaddafi, a former Libyan politician and military, he led a military coup
against the monarchy, which he called the Al-Fateh Revolution in September
1969. Where he overthrew the rule of” King Idris I” and received the verdict.
Muammar al-Gadhafi
calls himself the leader of the revolution and held several posts in addition
to being president of the country. The ideas of Muammar Gaddafi, or his
dissertations, have raised a lot of controversy by politicians inside and
outside Libya, especially after his uniqueness in the decision in the country
for more than four decades.
Revolution of 2011
The Libyan revolution, launched on February 17,
2011, inspired by mass mobilization against the former regimes in Tunisia and
Egypt, resulted in the overthrow of the two regimes, in less than a month
separating the two events, as a milestone in the region.
Difference in the Libyan issue of the Tunisian
and Egyptian, represents a dramatic and abrupt transformation, which took only
a few days from the date of the first public protest, peaceful demonstrations
in Benghazi and a number of areas in eastern Libya, to the model of armed
insurrection, then civil war, and international intervention in conflict.
The revolution began on 14 February 2011
through some protests against the policies of the Libyan regime and was
peaceful in the city of Benghazi, but Gaddafi refused to deal with them and
used weapons in the face of the demonstrators.
Several days later, protests in the country
increased, prompting the regime to use more violence, repression and heavy
weapons, killing several people. Events escalated in a short time as splits
broke out and armed groups were formed to defend demonstrators in the cities
that witnessed the protests, prompting Gaddafi to use more violence to stamp
out the revolution.
UN Act
After splitting by
senior officials in the country, notably the pilots, at a UN Security Council
meet to discuss the crisis in the country, the Council approved the 1973
resolution establishing a no-fly zone over the country, leading to the
intervention of foreign armies in the country, The country.
NATO then intervened in
the country and took control of the country's northern region, but the main
objective of the mission was to prevent Libyan aircraft from flying and to help
the rebels in their fight against the Gadhafi regime. Where NATO's mission
objectives have been to seek to topple Gaddafi.
NATO Intervention
NATO intervened in the
country and called it and humanitarian intervention to protect the civilians,
but NATO supported the rebels against Gaddafi. NATO also participated in the
bombing of the official Libyan forces.
contrary to what was
stated in the UN Security Council resolution. Because of this support by NATO,
the rebels hesitated to take control of Tripoli after several weeks of
intervention.
This ended Gaddafi's
reign but remained free for a short time until he was captured by some NATO forces.
An air strike on his motorcade led to his injury and arrest by insurgents who
killed him.
Results of
Intervention
After Gadhafi’s death
by the rebels, NATO troops withdrew from the country leaving the country in
chaos and many militias each with their own goals. The country was divided
between two governments, each supported by different armed groups.
As a result of the
security chaos, Libya has become a focal point for regional terrorism after the
Islamic political groups have enabled them to intervene because of external
interference.
Nor was there a
coherent NATO plan for this intervention and they had no clear purpose of
intervention. NATO leaders and countries that called for military intervention
had insufficient information on what was happening in the country and who were
the main groups in the fight against the Gaddafi regime.
Years after the
overthrow of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, Libya remains at the mercy of 1,500
militias and three governments wrestling with each other and seeking international
legitimacy.
Opposing Governments
National Accord
Government, it is an internationally recognized government with the support of
the United Nations. This government is headed by Al-Sarraj, a member of the
National Patriotic Alliance based in Tripoli.
Due to the Islamic
ideology that this group hold they get a huge support from Turkey and Qatar,
which the both country share the same political ideology. This share of
thoughts escalated the situation in the land by interfere of new foreign parties.
Interim Government,
which is now active under the command of the Libyan National Army, it is also
called the government of Tobruk, formed from the dissolved parliament of Tobruk
in 2014, and is based in the city of Al-Bayda, east of Libya, and is headed by
Abdulla Al-Thani.
They chose to stand beside Khalifa Hafter and the Tobruk parliament, which mandated him to form a government parallel to the government of salvation. The government enjoys the support of Major General Hafter, who heads the Libyan National Army, which is supported by Egypt.
International Failure
The failure of the
international community, represented by the United Nations and the European
Union, to put an end to the chaos that afflicts Libya and its tragedies.
The most recent of
which is the open trafficking of African migrants and the creation of slavery
markets such as a powerful militia that traffickers, runs prisons and smuggles
immigrants to the European continent.
Six UN representatives
are penalized for leading international efforts to end chaos in Libya and bring
together rival parties to form a single government or central authority, but so
far little has been achieved. Libya's political landscape has become more
complicated as the last round of UN-sponsored negotiations.
Written by - Abduljalil
Hage
Edited by – Adrija Saha
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