Sona referred to wheat and heere, Rice.
Farming was always at the top for Indian population, but it couldn't enable highly populated country to meet basic needs and here Green Revolution brought the Golden days (Ache Din in today's vocabulary).
Not just eroded the starvation, made us self reliant and even now India is a feeder country.
Green revolution In India
Green revolution In India is a revolution that aimed for a greener India.
Green revolution In India is a revolution that aimed for a greener India.
What is The Period Of Green revolution?
Green revolution refers to a period when use of modern technology like high yielding seeds, tractors, irrigation facilities, pesticides, and fertilizers came into effect to change agriculture into a industrial system.
The term was first used by William S. Gaud, the administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Development in a speech.
When Was Green Revolution Started in India?
Mexico has been referred to as the "Nirthplace" and "Burial place" of the Green Revolution.
The idea of green revolution was on the lead of the Mexican government in 1943 with the support of the U.S. government, the United Nations, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the Rockefeller Foundation.
Since Mexico is a neighbor of U.S, the government of U.S saw it as an important experimental case in the use of technology and scientific expertise in agriculture that later became the model for international agricultural development.
Norman Borlaug ,an American agronomist, is said to be key figure in developing Green Revolution practices in Mexico.
He is also called "the father of green revolution" And has also received Noble peace price for his contribution in agriculture in 1970.
Who Started Green Revolution In India?
In 1961, India was on the verge of mass famine.
After the great success of green revolution in Mexico and Philippines, Norman Borlaug was invited to India by Dr. M. S. Swaminathan, the adviser to The Indian Minister of Agriculture.
Punjab was chosen by the government of India as the first place to test new crops due to its reliable supply of water, the presence of Indus plains making it one of the most fertile plains on earth and an agricultural success story.
India then began its own Green Revolution program focusing on plant breeding, irrigation development, and financing of agro chemicals.
The Green Revolution led to a record grain production of 131 million tons in 1978/79. This established India as one of the largest agricultural producers in the world.
The Impact
of the Green Revolution on Indigenous Crops of India
The main development of the Green Revolution Plan was the highest-yielding wheat varieties for the development of rust-resistant wheat varieties.
The introduction of high-yielding seed varieties (HYV) and improved quality of fertilizers and irrigation techniques led to increased production to make the land self-sufficient with food crops and thus improve agriculture in India.
The production of wheat has achieved the best results in making India self-sufficient in feeding it’s mass population.
Other Practices during Green Revolution
Apart from the great success of wheat production, green revolution also helped in improving irrigation infrastructure of India.
It glorified the use of pesticides, insecticide and herbicides in preventing pests and insect.
It also introduced new methods of irrigation like sprinklers and drip irrigation for the convenience of farmers .
Land Reform were introduced to increase farm size by setting a limit on the amount of land the more wealthy could own and redistributing surplus land to those without.
Government started providing agricultural credit to the needy farmers.
Drawbacks of The Revolution
- High yielding varieties of seeds were highly priced this remained a problem for the poor farmers.
- The excessive and inappropriate use of fertilizers and pesticides polluted the waterways and killed beneficial insects and wildlife. It has caused over-use of soil and destroyed its nutrients.
- Rampant irrigation practices eventually resulted in soil degradation.
- Groundwater practices have dropped dramatically.
- Heavy reliance on a few major crops has led to loss of biodiversity for farmers and increased stubble burning since 2002.
- The green revolution only spread to irrigated areas and areas with high rainfall potential. Villages or regions without access to sufficient water have been left out
The Green revolution succeeded at increasing productivity, making India self sufficient, providing employment by Industrialization of agriculture but it failed to maintain regional balance, avoid class disparity and crop disparity and prevent environmental degradation and water pollution.
Written By: Hamna Khan
Edited By: Komal Jha
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