Book Summary: Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens

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Introduction

Author’s Name: Charles Dickens

Book’s Name: Great Expectations

Genre: Bildungsroman, Gothic Fiction

Language: English


About Author

Charles Dickens was a literary critic and writer from England. He is often considered the finest author of the Victorian era, having produced some of the world's most well-known fictional characters. During his lifetime, his writings achieved extraordinary popularity, and critics and researchers regarded him as a literary genius by the twentieth century. His short tales and novels are still widely read today.


About Book

Great Expectations is Charles Dickens' thirteenth work and his second last finished novel. It tells the narrative of an orphan named Pip as he grows up. After David Copperfield, it is Dickens' second novel to be told entirely in the first person. From December1,1860 to August1,1861, the work was serialized in Charles Dickens' weekly magazine All the Year Round. Chapman and Hall published the work in three volumes in October 1861.


Book Summary

Pip is an orphan who lives with his noxious sister, Mrs. Joe, and her sweet husband, Joe Gargery, the local blacksmith, in southeast England. Pip meets an escaped criminal in a leg-iron on Christmas Eve, who terrifies him into grabbing food and a metal file for him.

Pip searches his sister's cupboard and Joe's blacksmith shop for food and files. The very next day, Pip and Joe see officers arresting the convict in the marshes, where he is engaged in a fierce struggle with another prisoner. Pip is protected by the prisoner Pip, who confesses to stealing the food and paperwork, and Pip's role in the heist remains unnoticed.

Pip is soon welcomed to Satis House to see rich Miss Havisham and her snobbish adoptive daughter, Estella. Miss Havisham, who had been abandoned by her fiancée twenty years before, seeks vengeance on men by nurturing Estella to break men's hearts ruthlessly. 

Pip's unhappiness with life as a trainee blacksmith stems from Estella's contempt for his "commonness." He develops a crush on Estella and judges himself by her standards longer after his Satis House trips are over.

Pip is Joe's trainee, and when he gets dissatisfied with his low rank, he seeks to advance himself by independent study. Pip is Joe's trainee, and when he gets dissatisfied with his low rank, he seeks to advance himself by independent study. Biddy moves in to oversee the home and becomes Pip's friend, unsuccessfully attempting to help Pip overcome his feelings for Estella.

Mr. Jaggers informs Pip one night that he has an unnamed customer who desires for Pip to be groomed like a gentleman. Miss Havisham, Pip thinks, is the patron, and Estella is his secret fiancée. Pip snobbishly exhibits his new position and goes to study with Matthew Pocket, unconcerned by Joe and Biddy's grief over leaving him.

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Pip spends some of his stay in London with Matthew's pleasant son Herbert Pocket, with whom he becomes good friends. Startup and Bentley Drummle, the noxious heir to a baronetcy who becomes Pip's enemy when he seeks Estella, now an exquisite lady, are Pip's study companions.

Pip also makes friends with Mr. Jaggers' clerk, Wemmick, who is stern and formal in the office but kind and pleasant outside. On Joe's vacation to London, Pip spends lavishly and puts on airs, isolating Joe. Pip wishes Joe was more polished and is concerned that associating with him would harm his social standing. He does not return to the forge until he receives word that Mrs. Joe has passed away. Even then, he just stays for a short time.

Back in London, Pip engages Wemmick's assistance in making a covert investment in Herbert's career, which Pip thinks to be the best consequence of his money, or "expectations." Pip's patron eventually shows himself one night: he is Provis, the convict Pip aided on the marshes who has amassed a fortune in exile and has come back to England illegally solely to meet Pip.

Pip is horrified by Provis's attitude and heartbroken to learn that Estella cannot be wedded to him. When he approaches Miss Havisham about Estelle, she reveals that she lied to Pip about her to make her selfish family envious and that Estella would marry Bentley Drummle. 

Miss Havisham recognizes her mistake in depriving Estella of a heart when a devastated Pip declares his love for her. She begs Pip's forgiveness, which he gladly accepts. Pip discovers Estella is the daughter of Provis and Mr. Jaggers' maid Molly when he returns to London a few days later.

Compeyson, Miss Havisham's cunning former fiancée, was Provis' adversary on the marshes. Pip intends to get Provis out of England by boat, while Compeyson is hunting for him in London. Orlick successfully takes Pip to the village wetlands and attempts to murder him, but Herbert intervenes.

Pip and Provis get close to fleeing, but Compeyson stops them and drowns while fighting with Provis in the water. Provis is caught and convicted guilty of attempting to flee the prison colony of New South Wales illegally, but he dies of sickness before being executed.

Pip becomes sick. Joe looks after him and pays his bills. Pip returns to the hamlet, now healthy, intending to marry Biddy, only to find her happily married to Joe. Pip joins Herbert as a trader in another country. When he reappears eleven years later, he meets Estella on the destroyed site of Satis House and sees a spitting likeness of himself in Joe and Biddy's son Pip II.

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Written By - Grasha Mittal
Edited By - Anamika Malik

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